1.名词
英美人的姓名通常由两部分组成,如:George Washington.乔治•华盛顿;George Bush乔治•布什John Wilson译为约翰•维尔逊,John是名,Wilson 是姓;
前面的是名,英文叫first name, given name(在美国);在基督教家庭中Christian name(教名)。后面的是姓,英文叫family name或sumame或last name。
英美人的名字有时候有3个部分构成:名+中间名+姓
如Edward Adam Davis译为爱德华·亚当·戴维斯, Edward是名或教名,Adam是中间名(middle name),Davis为姓;
又如:Alexander Graham Bell亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔
Thomas Alva Edison托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生
在西方,还有人沿袭用父名或父辈名,在名后缀以小(Junior)或罗马数字以示区别。如;
John Wilson, Junior, 译为小约翰•维廉
George Smith, Ⅲ, 译为乔治•史密斯第三。
first + middle + last name为顺序的全名
妇女的姓名,在结婚前都有自己的姓名,结婚后一般是自己的名加丈夫的姓。如玛丽•怀特(Marie White)女士与约翰•戴维斯(John Davis)先生结婚,婚后女方姓名为玛丽•戴维斯(Marie Davis)。
书写时常把名字缩写为一个字头,但姓不能缩写,如G. W. Thomson, D. C. Sullivan等。
口头称呼一般称姓,如“怀特先生”、“史密斯先生”。正式场合一般要全称,但关系密切的常称本人名。家里人,亲友之间除称本人名外,还常用昵称(爱称)。
全名:full name
What’s your full name ?James Allan Green.
你的全名是什么?詹姆斯·艾伦·格林。
2.动词
name after=name for 以……命名,取名,起名
name for美国英语
He was named after his father.
他的名字跟他父亲一样。
他是以父亲的名字命名。
他以父亲的名字取名。
Why have you not named any of your sons after yourself?
为什么没让哪个儿子用你的名字呢?
The Brady Bill is named for former White House Press Secretary James Brady
布雷迪法案是以前白宫新闻秘书詹姆斯·布雷迪的名字命名的。
Named after Rugby school where the game was first played.
以第一次开展橄榄球运动的拉格比学校命名。
The children were all named after saints.
这些孩子都取了圣徒的名字。
Every parish was named after a saint.
每个教区都以某位圣徒的名字命名。
Phillimore Island is named after Sir Robert Phillimore
菲利莫尔岛以罗伯特·菲利莫尔爵士的名字命名。
Her parents named her Sophia after her grandmother.
她父母按她祖母的名字给她起名索菲娅。
We named the baby ‘Ena’ after her grandmother.
我们以婴儿祖母的名字给婴儿取名“埃娜”。
The college is named for George Washington.
这个学院是以乔治•华盛顿的名字命名的。
3.name as 提名、任命,被确认是、被公布为,被指定为
The President named him as Secretary of State.总统任命他为国务卿。
However, in 1997, the United Nations named Winnie the pooh as the word’s Ambassadorof Friendship.
然而,在1997年,联合国任命小熊维尼为世界友谊大使。
The missing man has been named as James Kelly.
失踪者已被确认为詹姆斯∙凯利。
One of the victims of the weekend’s snowstorm has been named as twenty-year-old John Barr.
周末暴风雪中的一名罹难者已确认是20岁的约翰·巴尔。
He has been named as the prime mover in the conspiracy to murder Carroll.
他已被公布是阴谋杀害卡罗尔的主谋。
When the chairman of Campbell’s retired, McGovern was named as his successor
坎贝尔公司的总裁退休后,麦戈文被选定为继任者。
I understand Coca-Cola are to be named as the new sponsors of the League Cup later this week
我知道可口可乐公司将在本周晚些时候被指定为联赛杯的新赞助商。
This town is named as “the e-waste capital of the world”.
这个城镇被称为”世界电子垃圾之都”。
make one’s name as……,以……成名
She first made her name as a writer of children’s books.
她最初是以儿童读物作家成名的。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
make a name for oneself as
是、成为小有名气的……
She was beginning to make a name for herself as a portrait photographer
她开始成为一个小有名气的人像摄影师。
She has already made a name for herself as a snappy dresser.
她已是一个小有名气的时尚达人。